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Introduction A Fund Manager for the time correction utility bill tracking

ABSTRACT
Invoice tracking public services is at the heart of a program of effective energy management. The simple comparison of utility bills may throw light inaccurate in the amount of savings programs in energy management because of the unwarranted influence of weather or other factors. Correction utility bills for weather data are given more accurate representations of the savings accumulated. This paper presents how and why the time correction for those who want be more familiar with the concepts and methodology.

THE FOLLOWING utility bill can do for you
Jim Faes County School District Jefferson wrote to me "energy accounting is the backbone of our school district program of energy management." Why I would write that?

An accounting system of energy is very similar to the control panel of an airplane. To successfully navigate the plane, you need to understand where it is, where it was and where it is headed. If you fly the aircraft without the control panel, you have a good chance of crashing the plane. It's the same with energy management. You need to know where you are, where you are, where you go, and how and where it is now fits with the expectations of their progress.

With utility bill monitoring systems, energy managers can:
- Introduce the use of objective and cost and performance monitor real against its objectives
- Discover great increases in energy consumption and take corrective action
- Identify the buildings that are using more $ / SqFt than others, and concentrate the activities of energy management in buildings.
- Determine if your meters are in the best rates
- Check to see if you are being billed by the utility properly
- Create invoices from his tenants (if any)
- Determine if you have saved any energy from measurements conservation of energy
- Total use and costs and pass the data added to the potential energy suppliers
- Create service budgets public

More generally, if the state keeps track of your utility accounts, we know where your facility is and how are you moving toward your goals.

UTILITY OF MONITORING OF THE LAW: REPORT CARD facilities and facility managers
Energy Managers and some all facilities managers often have to justify their existence to management. What saved us last year? That's more than what we pay our power manager? "Their recommendations are reasonable reimbursement? Why do we have an energy manager?

There are several methods for determining energy have been saved if their energy conservation efforts, as described in the literature. You can shake hands in the air, and determine their number, calculate your savings based on data logger and control points, to compare utility bills to determine the savings and finally, use a building model. (These are known as options A, B, C and D in the IPMVP, FEMP Guidelines and other publications.)

More likely is the most simple and more enjoyable manager for the installation to determine if you are saving energy is the option C, the comparison of utility bills. Why? Well, although some energy services director estimates that at present given to them by the friendly sales representative, this method is unreliable, because they can produce an inflated number. Placement of data loggers and the use of existing control points, it seems quite easy, but converting these inputs into savings numbers sometimes can become out of scope of skills lab manager. modeling of the building, while it may be useful, requires hours to build the model, and may represent the amount of construction to use, and can not really represent what the building actually being used. If these objections are, which is no utility bills as the ultimate method to quantify rest of his performance as an energy manager. Furthermore, in the end, is all about service accounts, such as bills reflect how much you are paying.

Since most facilities managers are already track your utility bills, is only a minimal step to see if you have saved any energy and the costs of your energy management program. Just compare the accounts for the year preceding the current year's bills and see if you have saved.

Well, not so easy. Let's find out why.

WHY THE LAW DOES NOT COMPARE, Or, Why use TIME CORRECTION
Suppose you want to see the savings of the new system cold water efficiently installed this January. A simple comparison of before and subsequent bills must show the savings right? Well, not exactly. Suppose which last year had a relatively cool summer and this summer was damn hot. would see the savings? Maybe not.

There are a couple ways you can represent use from year to year. Suppose we have just seen the use function of time, like most people.

We have marked two regions in Figure 1. The lower (darker) region, which we call non-usage time sensitive. This use can be attributed to the computers, lights, constant volume pumps and other charges that are in regardless of what the weather. For a good performance every year, this amount is constant. (In this case, the use of non-sensitive time is very low, This serves as a meter mechanical equipment. In general, the lack of airtime in the price would be higher.)

We call the top (most course) climate of the region the use of sensitive. This is directly related to the use, in this case, the air conditioning installation. Use in this region could attributed to the coolers, bike pumps ice water, cooling towers, condenser water pumps, condenser fans and, possibly, fans and pumps the cycle or a variable frequency drive.

If last summer was great, and this summer was hot, then use non-sensitive time would not be likely to change from year to year, but the use of time sensitive to change. Figure 2 is the same as Figure 1 except that occurs two years of data. Notice how in the second year, climate-sensitive portion is much higher due to the hot summer that increased the cooling load.

Suppose now that the new chilled water system reduces sensitive time consumption by 20%. With the change of time is shown in Figure 2, an annual comparison of usage may not show any energy savings at all as seen in Figure 3. (Figure 3, we have eliminated 20% of the time of use confidential data for 2002, which is what we could do with a chilled water system adaptation.)

Imagine showing results management to which half a million dollars invested. It is difficult to inspire confidence in management with graphs as in Figure 3. Both for comparison utility bill.

To explain these results, it is possible that it will provide a graphic CDDs (as in Figure 4), and then realize that, after adjusting year (2002) was actually much hotter and requires more cooling and Therefore, greater use. This could be you off the hook, but you still need to quantify the amount saved, right? Administration will only accept greeting arm so long.

You can quantify their savings by adjusting your utility bill savings for the equation of time. If you've done that could have presented in Figure 5, instead of Figure 3.

HOW IT WORKS TIME CORRECTION
Instead of comparing the use of last year with the use of this year, when using the time correction, we compare the amount of energy that would have used this year to the amount of energy we have used this year. Many in our industry do not call the result of this comparison, the savings, but rather to use avoidance or cost reduction. But since we are trying to keep this paper at an introductory level, we use the word savings.

When we try to compare the use of last year using this year seen in Figure 3, and a disastrous project. We used the equation:

Saving = use last year - this year using

When using the correction time, we find in Figure 5, and using the equation:

Savings = How much energy you would have spent this year - the amount of energy that has used this year **

** Where the use of this year of the first equation is the same as the amount of energy that we use this year from the quadratic equation

The next question is, how can we calculate the amount of energy you would have spent this year. This is done using time correction as shown below.

First, select a year in utility bills we want to compare future use. This normally would be the year before starting his program of energy efficiency, or the year before, the new facilities manager, were hired, or some years chosen. In this example, we select the year of relevant data before the installation of chilled water system. Let's call this year the Base Year.

As shown in Figure 6, we graph the use of the Base Year versus time (in the form of cooling or heating Degree Days Degree Days). The blue dots represent the utility bills.

Then we find the best fit line between use and time. The best fit line is the line most approach to all utility bills, as shown in Figure 6. We can say is the best fit line by looking at some statistical indicators (such as the value R2, Net Media Bias and CVRMSE error, which are not covered in this introductory paper.)

The Best Fit Line has an equation, which we call the equation line adjustment, or in this case the baseline equation. Once we have this equation, are made with this process of regression.

Recapitulate what we have done:
- We have a graph of the Base Year utility data compared with meteorological data
- We have found a perfect fit through line data. Best Fit Line then represents the utility bills.
- The Best Fit Line Equation, which represents the best fit line, which in turn represents the base year utility data. The line fit equation represents how your power plant used in the base year, and continue to use energy in the future (which varies with changing climatic conditions), assuming that there were no significant changes in the construction of consumption patterns, such of new equipment, area or operating hours.

Base Year bills - Assembly line of best fit equation of the line =
In our example:

The baseline equation = Fit Line Equation

Once you have the Baseline Equation, you can determine if you have saved any energy.

How? It takes a bill from a billing period after the Base Year. You (or your software) connects the number of days and the number of degree days of the invoice in the baseline equation. Remember that the baseline equation represents how the building used for energy use in the base year. Therefore, with the new entries of number of days and the number of degree days, the baseline equation will tell the amount of energy the building have been used this year based on usage patterns of the Base Year and this year the conditions (weather and number of days). We call this use is determined by the Baseline Equation, Baseline of use.

Now, to get a fair comparison of this year last year, are compared:

Savings = How much energy you would have spent this year - How much energy has been used this year

or if you change the terminology a bit:

Savings = Baseline energy consumption - Actual energy use

line based on energy use is calculated using the baseline equation and the climate of the current month and the number of days and the actual energy usage bill month. Both equations are one and the same, reference: How much energy would be used this year, and represents the actual amount of energy used this year.

Correction of other variables
Facility managers in the industrial sector may want to correct for production instead of (or in addition) meteorological data. This works if you have a simple variable that quantifies their production. For example, an automobile manufacturing plant can make a track the number of cars produced. If your factory does several different things, for example, hard drives, desktops, printers and mainframes framework, it is difficult to reach a single variable that could be used to represent the whole plant production. However, if the printer manufacturing unit was attended by a meter or submeter different than other units, then you should use the number of printers produced as a variable to the meter (or submeter) serving the printing unit.

CORRECTION TIME IN EXCEL VS. CANNED SOFTWARE
The time correction can be done in Excel, however it can be laborious, and often may not be as stringent as when performed using specialized software. Excel will regressions, equations, word wrap, and statistical indicators that show how well its use is represented by the line of adjustment. However, it is difficult to find the best point of balance in Excel, as you can in a software specialized. Excel may require that you have to choose only one equilibrium point, and then possibly you iterate with different equilibrium points, while the software canning allows you to easily find the best-fit line using different equilibrium points. Additionally, if meteorological data introduces its high-low temperatures or average temperatures may be difficult to apply the correct meteorological data to correct billing periods. Try it and see.

TIME CORRECTION OF SOFTWARE AVAILABLE DESKTOP
The entire bill important desktop utility monitoring software packages now correct for weather data. Almost all of them right for their own variables as well. Desktop programs are the most important power of the CAP, Metrix, Essentials Stark, and the Utility Manager Pro. You can find information on all of them online.

CONCLUSION
Time change from year to year. If you want to use utility bills to show energy savings programs, energy management with any degree of accuracy, it is important to correct your bills Services fluctuations in climate.

About the Author

Abraxas Energy Consulting performs commercial energy audits and provides utility bill tracking, energy auditing, measurement and verification, retro-commissioning, utility bill auditing and other energy management services for its clients world-wide. In addition, Abraxas Energy Consulting provides a selection of utility bill tracking and interval data software packages for its clients. Abraxas Energy Consulting’s clients are ESCOs, energy consultants, governments, universities, hospitals, school districts, private industry and building owners.

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